Introduction to psychology

Table of Contents

Classical conditioning and Ivan Pavlov

Classical conditioning and Ivan Pavlov

Classical Conditioning A form of learning in which reflex responses...

Introduction Formal Psychology

Introduction to psychology

Introduction To Psychology Psychology is the scientific study of human...

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Major Events in Psychology

All major events in psychology from 2200 BC to Present...

perception in psychology

Perception in Psychology

Perception in psychology Perception in psychology refers to the way...

Sensation in psychology

Sensation in psychology

Sensation in psychology Sensation in psychology refers to the process...

Learning Formal Psychology

Learning in psychology

Learning in psychology In psychology, learning refers to the process...

Memory in psychology

Memory in psychology

Memory in psychology Memory in psychology refers to the process...

Emotion in psychology

Emotion in psychology

Emotion in psychology can be defined as a complex psychological...

Language Formal Psychology

Language

Language Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut...

Motivation Formal Psychology

Motivation

Motivation: concept and its types Motivation refers to the driving...

Personality

Introduction to personality Personality refers to the unique set of...

Intelligence

Concept of Intelligence Intelligence can be defined as the ability...

Indian approach of emotional intelligence

Self and Identity in Indian thought Self and identity are...

Enhancing individual’s potential

what is Motivation Motivation is the psychological process that drives...

Thorndike connectionism – Theory of learning

Theories of learning learning is a fundamental concept in psychology...

Classical conditioning and Ivan Pavlov

Classical conditioning – Theory of learning

Classical Conditioning Classical conditioning is a type of learning that...

Insight theory – Theory of learning

Introduction of Insight Theory Insight theory is a psychological theory...

Operant conditioning – theory of learning

Operant Conditioning Operant conditioning is a theory of learning that...

Observational learning – theory of learning

Observational learning – Albert Bandura Observational learning theory, also known...

Motivation – Perspectives and conflicts

Introduction to Motivation Motivation refers to the driving force or...

Understanding Gestalt Psychology: The Whole Experience Matters

Gestalt psychology, a school of thought that emerged in the...

Paul Ekman

Paul Ekman’s Theory of Emotions: An Introduction

Paul Ekman, a pioneering American psychologist, is best known for...

Memory

Introduction: What is Memory?

Memory is the mental process of encoding, storing, and retrieving...

Sigmund Freud

The Life of Freud (1856–1939)

The Life of Freud (1856–1939) Early Years Freud was born...

Basic ff Emotions - Paul Ekman

types of emotion in psychology

Emotions play a crucial role in human experience and behavior,...

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A Guide to Basic Methods in Research Psychology

Psychology, a dynamic and ever-evolving field, aims to understand the...

Operant conditioning

Learning through consequences – Operant Conditioning

Useful for learners -: Students Teachers Trainers Parents Therapist Managers...

An image comparing two museum-style shadow boxes on a wooden desk, under a banner that reads "CLASSICAL VS. OPERANT CONDITIONING". The left box, labeled "CLASSICAL CONDITIONING," shows a portrait of Ivan Pavlov, a diagram of a dog with a salivating gland, a bell, and a bowl of food. The right box, labeled "OPERANT CONDITIONING," features a portrait of B.F. Skinner and a rat in a clear "Skinner box" pressing a lever for food pellets.

Classical vs. Operant Conditioning: How Our Habits Are Formed

Why do you automatically check your phone when it buzzes?...

A vintage psychology textbook titled "The Ego, Id, and Superego" resting on a wooden desk, with a blurred diagram of Freud's iceberg model projected in the background.

The Ego, Id, and Superego: A Modern Take on Freudian Basics

Id, Ego, and Superego: A Modern Take on Freudian Basics...

A photograph of a leather-bound book on a wooden desk with the title "DEFENSE MECHANISMS: FROM PROJECTION TO SUBLIMATION" embossed on its cover. To the left, a small sculpture casts a large, monstrous shadow on the wall, and to the right, a lump of clay and sculpting tools sit next to a finished oil painting. The background is a library filled with bookshelves.

Defense Mechanisms: From Projection to Sublimation

In the complex landscape of human psychology, the mind is...

A realistic photo of a person writing in a journal on a wooden table, with the text overlay "Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): A beginner’s guide to reframing".

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): A Beginner’s Guide to Reframing

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is widely recognized as one of...

A person's hands are at a wooden desk with an open notebook showing "TO-DO: unfinished". A large sign on a corkboard behind them says "THE ZEIGARNIK EFFECT". A tablet with a paused video, an iced coffee, and a model airplane are also on the desk.

The Zeigarnik Effect: Why Your Brain Won’t Let You Forget Unfinished Tasks

Have you ever had a song stuck in your head,...

A tired man sitting at a desk late at night under a lamp, appearing overwhelmed by paperwork and digital devices, representing the psychological concept of decision fatigue.

The Twilight Toll: Why Your Brain Shuts Down After 6 PM

Have you ever found yourself staring blankly at a grocery...

A realistic photo of a woman in a kitchen smiling warmly with her eyes closed as she smells a jar of spices. To her left, a faded, sepia-toned "memory" overlay appears, showing a young child baking with an elderly woman. The text "The Power of Scent: How certain smells trigger instant memories." is centered at the bottom in a clean, dark font.

The Power of Scent: Why Certain Smells Trigger Instant Memories

Have you ever caught a fleeting whiff of a specific...

The Science of Pareidolia: Why We See Faces in Clouds and Electrical Outlets

Have you ever smiled back at a happy-looking car bumper?...

A person pauses in a doorway between a living room and a kitchen, holding a hand to their head with a confused expression, illustrating the psychological phenomenon of forgetting why they entered the room.

The Doorway Effect: Why You Forget What You Needed When You Enter a Room

It is a scenario as old as doorways themselves. You...

An illustration of the Invisible Gorilla experiment showing a group of people passing basketballs in a gym while a person in a gorilla suit walks unnoticed in the center, demonstrating inattentional blindness.

The Invisible Gorilla: How Selective Attention Tricks Your Brain

“Looking without seeing is a fundamental flaw in the architecture...

A close-up photograph of a person's hand holding a white sign with black text that reads "ANCHORING BIAS" above a crossed-out price of "Was $299.99" and a large red price of "Now $149.99". The background is a blurred view of clothing racks and shoppers in a retail store.

Anchoring Bias: Why the First Price You See Dictates Your Budget

Have you ever walked into a high-end designer store and...

A realistic photo of a woman sleeping in a dark room with surreal dream projections of falling and running above her head, overlaid with the text title "The Psychology of Sleep: What Your Dreams Might Actually Mean."

The Psychology of Sleep: What Your Dreams Might Actually Mean

Sleep is often viewed as a passive state—a time when...

A man stands at the edge of a deep canyon at sunrise, dropping a large, heavy rock into the abyss below. Dust rises as the stone falls. His backpack rests on the ground behind him. This image is a visual metaphor for the psychological act of forgiveness—releasing heavy emotional burdens, grudges, and resentment to find personal freedom and peace.

The Psychology of Forgiveness: Why It’s for You, Not Them

When we think of forgiveness, we often visualize a handshake,...

A woman with a determined expression climbs a steep, rocky mountain face using a rope in the rain. Overlaid text reads "RESILIENCE TRAINING: Can you actually 'toughen up' your mind?".

Resilience Training: Can You Actually “Toughen Up” Your Mind?

In the popular imagination, a “resilient” mind is often pictured...

A person writing in a journal at a wooden desk with a model of the human brain, stacks of psychology books, and a handwritten note reading "Affirmations: Do they actually change brain chemistry?"

Do Affirmations Actually Change Brain Chemistry? The Neuroscience of Positive Self-Talk

In the world of psychology and self-improvement, daily affirmations are...

Candid photo of a man in a coffee shop looking skeptically at a tablet running brain training apps, next to a notebook asking "Brain Training: Do apps like Lumosity actually work?".

Brain Training Apps: Do Games Like Lumosity Actually Work?

Brain training apps have revolutionized the self-improvement industry, promising that...