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Major Events in Psychology

All major events in psychology from 2200 BC to Present 

B.C.
2200 BC
Chinese's starts Civil Service Examinations.
400 BC
First theory of personality

Hippocrates propounds first theory of personality based on constitutional types.

399 BC
First father of psychology

Aristotle formulates three laws to account for association of ideas. He is considered as father of all Sciences.

A.D.
1650
Mind-Body relation

Descartes proposes mind-body relation as one of dualism.

1651
Thomas Hobbes
Treatise on human nature

Thomas Hobbes publishes his famous treatise on human nature.

1690
John Locke
A blank state

John Locke announces that mind, at birth, is a tabula rasa - a blank state. 

1749
David Hartley

David Hartley formally establishes  'Associationism' which is the study of how ideas are formed and connected.

1791
Nerve Impulse
Nature of Nerve Impulse

Galvani concludes that the nature of nerve impulse is electrical.

1794
Mental Patients in France

Pinnal orders removal of chains from mental patients in France.

1807
Bell and Magendie
Sensory and Motor Nerve

Bell and Magendie concludes anatomical and functional discreteness of sensory and motor nerve.

1821
First Significant Experiment

Flourens conducts first significant experiment in localisation of brain functions. 

1823
Individual Differences
First Measurement of Psychology

Bessel performs first measurement of individual differences and calculates personal equation in astronomical observation. 

1826
Johannes Muller
Doctrine of specific nerve energies.

Johannes muller propound doctrine of specific nerve energies.

1834
Gall and Spurzheim
Incorrectly assuming of mind's faculties

Gall and Spurzheim propose impetus for intensive study of brain function by incorrectly assuming that the mind's faculties are localized.

1841
Dorothea Dix
Improvement of mental hospitals

Dorothea Dix starts campaign to improve conditions in mental hospitals in America and Europe. 

1846
Weber
First quantitative law in Psychology

Weber formulates first quantitative law in psychology, popularly known as Weber's law.

1850
Helmholtz
First measure of nerve impulse

For the first time Helmholtz measures the rate of condition of nerve impulse.

1860
Fechner
Elements of Psychophygics

Fechner publishes his famous book Elements of Psychophygics in which he sets fourth various method of psychological measurement.

1860
Helmholtz
Theory of colour vision

Young-Helmholtz theory of colour vision comes into being.

1861
Paul Broca
Speech in brain

Paul Broca formulates location of specific area for speech in brain.

1869
John Stuart Mill

John Stuart mill formulates theory of mental chemistry to account for development of complex ideas.

1870
Fritsch and Hitzig
Specific areas in brain

Fritsch and Hitzig discover specific sensory and motor areas in brain. 

1872
Charles Darwin
Mind between human and animal

Charles Darwin gives emphasis upon continuity of mind between animals and men.

1878
Hering
Theory of colour vision

Hering developes theory of colour vision.

1879
Wilhelm Wundt
First psychological laboratory

Wilhelm Wundt establishes the first psychological laboratory at Leipzig university (Now Karl-Marx University)  and psychology is established as an independent scientific discipline by Wilhelm Wundt.

1879
Galton
First projective technique

Galton develops the first projective technique, a word association test.

1882
Book on animal intelligence

Comparative psychology is started with publication of Romanes' book on animal intelligence.  

1883
G.S Hall
First American psychological laboratory

G.S Hall established the first American psychological laboratory at john Hopkin University.

1884
William James
Theory of emotion

William James formulates his famous theory of emotion.

1885
Sir Francies Galton
First mental testing centre

Sir Francies Galton starts his first mental testing centre in London. 

1885
Ebbinghaus
First studies on memory

Ebbinghaus publishes first significant experimental studies in the field of memory.

1887
G.S Hall
First journal of psychology

First professional journal of psychology in United States is published by G.S hall (American journal of psychology).

1889
First congress of psychology

First international congress of psychology was held in Paris.

1890
William James
The Principles of psychology

William james publishes his famous book "The principles of psychology".

1890
J.M Catell
Invention of mental test.

J.M Catell invents the term mental test .

1890
J.M Cattell
Invention of mental test.

J.M Cattell invents the term mental test .

1892
Edward B. Titchener

Titchener founds the 'Structuralism' as a part of psychology in America.

1892
G.S Hall
American Psychological Association

G.S. Hall founds American Psychological Association and becomes its first president .

1894
Lloyd Morgan
Law of parsimony

Lloyd Morgan formulates the law of parsimony.

1895
Freur and Breuer
Publishing of Studies in Hysteria.

Freud and Breuer publishes the famous book Studies in Hysteria.

1896
Lighter Witmer
First psychological clinic

Lighter Witmer starts first psychological clinic in Pennyslavania University.

1896
Karl Pearson
Development of Statistical theory of correlation

Karl Pearson develops statistical theory of correlation.

1896
J.M Cattell
Development and use of mental test

J.M Cattell becomes influential in development and use of mental tests in America.

1898
E.L Thorndike
First experiment on animal learning

At Columbia University E.L Thorndike conducts some of the first experiments on animal learning to discover principles of learning.

1900
Sigmund Freud
The interpretation of dreams

Sigmund Freud publishes his popular and famous book The interpretation of dreams .

1904
Spearman
General and specific factor

Spearman describes intelligence in terms of general and specific factors.

1905
Binet and Simon
First intelligence test in France

Binet and Simon develops first standardized intelligence test for children in France.

1906
Ivan Pavlov
Classical conditioning

I.P.Pavlov , a Russian physiologist ,publishes his classical studies on dog in the field of classical conditioning .

1907
Witmer
First clinical journal

Psychological clinic ,first clinical journal was founded by Witmer.

1908
William McDougal
First text in social psychology

William McDougal publishes first text in social psychology.

1908
Margaret Foly Washburn
First woman to be awarded Ph.d in Psychology

Margaret Foly Washburn becomes the first woman to be awarded Ph.D . in Psychology.

1908
First clinical internship

First clinical internship was started at Vineland Training school.

1909
William Healy
Foundation of first child-guidance center

William Healy lays the foundation of first child-guidance center , the Juvenile Psychopathic institute at Chicago.

1910
Goddard
English translation of Binet-Simon intelligence scale

Goddard's English translation of the 1908 revision of Binet-Simon intelligence scale was published .

1911
Stern
Concept of Intelligence Qoutient

Stern develops the concept of intelligence quotient (IQ).

1912
Gestalt
Wertheimer's paper

Gestalt Psychology is established in Wertheimer's paper on Phi-phenomenon

1912
J.B Watson
Psychology as a Behaviourist views it

J.B.Watson publishes his famous book Psychology as a Behaviourist views it.

1913
J.B.Watson

John B.Watson establishes the popular book school of Behaviourism in psychology.

1913
Carl Jung
School of analytical psychology

Carl Jung establishes the school of analytical psychology after separating himself from Freud.

1915
N.N Sen Gupta
First Indian psychological laboratory at Calcutta University

First Indian psychological laboratory established at Calcutta University by N.N.Sen Gupta.

1916
First psychology department of Calcutta University

First psychology department of Calcutta University comes into being.

1916
Lewis Terman
Revision of Binet-Simon test

At Stanford University Terman revised Binet-Simon test for use in United State.This new test is called as Stanford-Binet.

1917
First group tests of Intelligence

First group tests of Intelligence are devised for use in United States army.

1917
Break of American Psychological

Clinical Psychologists break away from American Psychological Association (APA) to form American Association of Clinical Psychology (AACP).

1917
Kohler
Popular studies on problem solving.

Kohler publishes the resuts of popular studies conducted on primates in the field of problem solving.

1917
AACP rejoins APA

American Association of Clinical Psychologist (AACP) rejoins the American Psychological Association (APA) as its clinical section.

1920
Francis Sumner
First blackman to earn Ph.D

Francis Sumner becomes the first blackman to earn a Ph.D .

1920
Watson and Raynor
Fear in child can be learn

Watson and his wife  Raynor demonstrate that fear in child can be learnt.

1921
J.M Cattell
Psychological corporation

J.M Cattell founds Psychological Corporation.

1921-30
Gestalt
Gestalt psychology

Gestalt Psychology attains its peak influences.

1921
Hermann Rorschach
Technique of measuring personality

Hermann Rorschach ,Swiss Psychiatrist,devised a technique of measuring personality through use of unstructured materials like ink blots.

1922
Edward Tolman
Purposive Behaviourism

Edward Tolman proposed 'Purposive Behaviourism'.

1924
David Levy
Rorschach Inkblot Test

David Levy introduces Rorschach Inkblot test to America M.C .Jones employs learning principles to remove children's fear.

1925
N.N sengupta
Indian Psychological Association

Indian Psychological Association founded . N.N Sengupta appointed as its first president .

1929
Lashley
Brain mechanism and intelligence

Lashley expresses his views on brain mechanisms and intelligence.

1933
Inez Prosser
First black woman to earn Ph.D in Psychology

Inez Prosser becomes the first black woman to earn Ph.D in Psychology.

1935
Thurstone

Thurstone develops the technique of factor analysis in formulating a theory of intelligence.

1935
Muzafer sherif
Antikinetic effect

Muzafer sherif  , using antikinetic effect, performs first laboratory experiments on formation and change of social norms.

1935
Murray
Murray's TAT

Murray's TAT was published.

1936
Louttit
First clinical text book

First clinical text book Clinical Psychology was published by Louttit.

1937
Break of Clinical section of APA

Clinical section of APA breaks away to form American Association for Applied Psychology(AAAP).

1937
Emphasis upon importance of social factor

Neo-Freudians gives emphasis upon the importance of social factors in personality development and functioning.

1938
B.F Skinner
Publication of The Behaviour of organisms

B.F Skinner publishes his famous book 'The Behaviour of Organism' which summarizes researches on operant conditioning.

1938
Buros
Buros mental measurement

First Buros Mental Measurement Year Book was published.

1939
Wechsler-Bellevue
Intelligence scale

Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence scale published.

1941-45
Rapid expansion due to World war -2

The Field of clinical psychology  witnesses rapid expansion due to shocks of the second World war .

1942
Carl Rogers
Technique of client centred therapy

Technique of client-centred therapy is developed by Carl Rogers.

1943
C.Hull
Principles of behaviour

C.Hull presents his mathematico-deductive theory of learning in his famous book Principles of Behaviour.

1943
Minnesota
MMPI was published

Minessota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) was published.

1945
Kurt Lewin
Research centre at M.I.T

Kurt Lewin establishes a Research Centre for studying dynamics at M.I.T .

1945
AAAP rejoins APA

American Association for Applied Psychology (AAAP) rejoins American Psychological Association (APA).

1946
NIMH begin support

National Institute of Mental Health begins supports for training of clinical psychologists.

1947
American Board of Examiner

American Board of Examiners in Professional Psychology was organized.

1949
Hebbs
Behaviour theory

In his famous book Organization of Behaviour Hebbs presents behaviour theory, which attempts to bridge the gap between neurophysiology and psychology.

1949
Boulder
Boulder conference on training

Boulder conference on training in clinical psychology was convened.

1951
Born of IUPSYS

International Union of Psychological Sciences was born at thirteenth International Congress of Psychology in Stockholm.

1952
DSM-1

American Psychiatric Association publishes first Diagronastic and statistical Manual (DSM-1).

1953
APA Etical standards

APA Ethical Standards for Psychologists was published.

1954
Abraham Maslow
Humanistic movement

Abraham Maslow starts humanistics movement.

1955
NIMHANS at Banglore

National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro-sciences is established at Banglore ,India.

1956
Stanford Training conference

Stanford Training conference was organized.

1957
California Psychological Inventory

California Psychological Inventory (CPI) is  developed to measure dimensions of Normal Personality .

1958
Miami training

Miami training conference was organised.

1961
Albert Bandura
Social learning theory.

Albert Bandura formulates social learning theory and begins the cognitive revolution.

1965
Chicago training

Chicago training conference  was organized.

1968
PSY D training

PSY D training programme begun at the university of Illinois.

1969
California school

California School of Professional psychology was founded.

1972
First Survey of Research

First Survey 0f Research in Psychology in India is published.

1973
Colarado training conference

Vail,Colarado Training conference was organized.

1978
Herbert Simon
Noble Prize for field of cogntion

Herbert Simon receives Noble Prize forits important works in the field of cognition.

1980
DSM-3

Third edition of DSM (DSM-3)was published.

1981
Roger sperry
Noble Prize for split-brain research

Roger Sperry receives Noble Prize for split-brain research.

1981
Ethical principles for psychologists

APA publishes its revised Ethical principles of Psychologists.

1987
DSM-3 revision

DSM-3 Revision was published.

1988
Psychology in India

psychology in India (Three volumes)is related.

1988
American Psychological Society

American Psychological Society was formed.

1989
Revised version of MMPI

Revised version of MMPI was published and became known as MMPI-2.

1989
NAOP India

National Academy of Psychology India,is founded.

1994
Publication of DSM - 4

DSM-4 was published.

2000
Arvid Carlsson
Noble Prize

Arvid Carlsson,a Swedish scientist,was awarded Noble Prize jointly with Paul Greengard and Eric Kandel ,American scientists,for the discovery 0f treatment 0f 'Parkinson' disease and other neurological disorders.

2000
DSM - 4 (TR)

DSM - 4 (TR) is published.

2000
Psychology in India Revisited (Three volume)

Psychology in India Revisited (Three volume) is released.

2003
SB-5

Fifth edition of Stanford-Binet Intelligence test (SB-5) is released.

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