S-O-R
Stimulus-organism-response.
Dictionary
S-R Psychology
Stimulus-Response psychology whose basic framework depends upon stimulus and the responses made toward this.
Salivary conditioning
A process of conditioning in which becomes attached to some mental stimulus salivary response.
Schedule of reinforcement
Rules proposed by Skinner determining when and how reinforcements will be delivered during experiment.
Schemes
A cognitive framework representing a person’s knowledge about different aspects of the environment.
School
A group of persons having more or less similar view to a particular issue, with varying degree of spatial and temporal contiguity.
Secondary Process
A deliberate and conscious activity of the ego guided by external reality.
Self
It has been used in at least three basic sense (1) a construct developed by persons to account for the integrity and continuity of their experiences. (u) a general name for a set of phychological processes including different evaluatic and…
Self-actualization
A stage where individual reaches its maximal potential.
Self-awareness
Increased awareness of oneself as a social object.
Self-concept
All kinds of beliefs and information that an individual have about their own characteristics and themselves.
Semantics
Study of relationship of signs to objects.
Semiotics
Study of uses of signs and symbols including three components, namely, syntactics, semantics and pragmatics.
Sensory adaptation
Reduced sensitivity to unchanging stimuli over time.
Sensory isolation
Removal of almost all stimulation for an individual for a specified period of time.
Shaping
A technique used to produce a desired pattern of response by selectively reinforcing responses that approximate it.
Sign learning
A concept in Tolman’s theory that emphasizes learning of the relationship between signs, that is, what leads to what.
Sign significate
In Tolman’s theory any object which gives rise to the expectany that a particular response will lead to a particular goal.
Skinner Box
A box or chamber containing a device which the organism can manipulate to produce some reinforcement.
Stimulus Error
A Titchener’s term which dictates that the subject is paying attention to the stimulus rather than to the characteristics of sensation being produced by that stimulus.
Structuralism
A system of psychology by Wundt and Titchener and that emphasizes the view that consciousness can be analyzed into elements through the method of introspection.
Subjectivism
A doctrine that forces person to base his belief on own perception and thinking.
Super ego
In Freud’s theory the portion of personality which represent the conscious.
Supernaturalism
A doctrine which emphasizes that natural phenomena can be completely interpreted by making some assumption about principles.
System
Sets of ideas or suggestion about how to construct a psychology.
Systematic design
A classical methodology of an experimental research that utilizes vigorous control of variables.